Results & Indicators

The Freedom on the Net index measures each country’s level of internet and digital media freedom based on a set of methodology questions. The index also measures access and openness of other digital means of transmitting information, particularly mobile phones and text messaging services. Freedom on the Net provides analytical reports and numerical scores for 65 countries. Annual Reports are available on the Freedom House website starting in 2011. 

Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) are a research dataset summarizing the views on the quality of governance provided by a large number of enterprises, citizen and expert survey respondents in industrial and developing countries.
The indicator on Government effectiveness captures perceptions of the quality of public services, the quality of the civil service and the degree of its independence from political pressures, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government's commitment to such policies. This indicator can help us monitor whether democracy is functioning. Other potentially interesting WGI indicators include Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law, and Control of Corruption.
 

V-Dem distinguishes among 7 high-level principles of democracy: electoral, liberal, participatory, majoritarian, consensual, deliberative and egalitarian, which are then further disaggregated into lower-levels of democracy such as regular elections, direct democracy, gender equality and others. 
V-Dem Democracy Indices and Indicators include macro-level indices that describe features of democracy at various levels (overall, mid-level and lower-level indices), as well as indicators that address very specific features of political systems.
 

V-Dem distinguishes among 7 high-level principles of democracy: electoral, liberal, participatory, majoritarian, consensual, deliberative and egalitarian, which are then further disaggregated into lower-levels of democracy such as regular elections, direct democracy, gender equality and others. 
V-Dem Democracy Indices and Indicators include macro-level indices that describe features of democracy at various levels (overall, mid-level and lower-level indices), as well as indicators that address very specific features of political systems.
 

V-Dem distinguishes among 7 high-level principles of democracy: electoral, liberal, participatory, majoritarian, consensual, deliberative and egalitarian, which are then further disaggregated into lower-levels of democracy such as regular elections, direct democracy, gender equality and others. 
V-Dem Democracy Indices and Indicators include macro-level indices that describe features of democracy at various levels (overall, mid-level and lower-level indices), as well as indicators that address very specific features of political systems.
 

Committee to Protect Journalists, an independent non-profit organisation, publishes the number of journalists killed on an annual basis. 
SDG Indicator 16.10.1: Number of verified cases of killing, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention and torture of journalists, associated media personnel, trade unionists and human rights advocates in the previous 12 months
 

This indicator measures what the judicial system of a state does to avoid impunity for attacks against journalists. Attacks is understood here in very broad terms and can include verbal or written threats or intimidation, physical violence and violations of the right to life or the right not to be tortured. The indicator contributes to measuring whether there is enabling environment for freedom of expression and the exercise of the journalistic profession in a given country.

The Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) Voter Turnout Website contains the most comprehensive global collection of political participation statistics available. Regularly updated voter turnout figures for national presidential and parliamentary elections since 1945 are presented country by country using both the number of registered voters and voting age population (VAP) as indicators. Where available, the spoilt ballot rate is also included.

Most "barometer" surveys will include questions assessing the level of trust in political institutions. For example, the Afro Barometer asks:
- How much do you trust each of the following…? President/Parliament/Courts and others
- Overall, how satisfied are you with the way democracy works in [x]?
Similarly, the Asian Barometer asks:
“I’m going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust do you have in them? Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust not very much trust, or none at all?”
Please pay attention to the periodicity of surveys and publication of results.
 

This is a sub-indicator for the SDG indicator 16.10.02 on the "Number of countries that adopt and implement constitutional, statutory and/or policy guarantees for public access to information". The methodology for this indicator is available at: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/?Text=&Goal=16&Target=16.10. 

This is a sub-indicator for the SDG indicator 16.10.02 on the "Number of countries that adopt and implement constitutional, statutory and/or policy guarantees for public access to information". The methodology for this indicator is available at: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/?Text=&Goal=16&Target=16.10. 

This is a sub-indicator for the SDG indicator 16.10.02 on the "Number of countries that adopt and implement constitutional, statutory and/or policy guarantees for public access to information". The methodology for this indicator is available at: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/?Text=&Goal=16&Target=16.10. 

RTI Rating is a comparative assessment of the overall strength of a legal framework in this field. The rating indicates the strengths and weaknesses of the legal framework, and provides a handy means for pinpointing areas in need of improvement. More information is available on www.rti-rating.org 

Question on legislature accountability (practice): To what extent do the legislature and its members report on and answer for their actions in practice?
Minimum score (1); mid-point (3); maximum (5).

Question on executive transparency (practice):
To what extent is there transparency in relevant activities of the executive in practice?
Minimum score (1); mid-point (3); maximum (5).
 

The Open Budget Index (OBI) assigns each country a score from 0 to 100 based on the simple average of the numerical value of each of the responses to the 109 questions in the questionnaire that assess the public availability of budget information.
The Open Budget Survey is a comprehensive analysis and survey that evaluates whether governments give the public access to budget information and opportunities to participate in the budget process at the national level. The Survey also assesses the capacity and independence of formal oversight institutions.
 

The level of representation of women and underrepresented groups provides information on their likelihood of being able to place their concerns/priorities on the political agenda of a country’s parliament and government. For more information, please see Mapping and Study on Performance Indicators for EU Support to Political Parties (2014), focus area 6.

SDG indicator 10.3.1. This indicator measures how many persons have filed a complaint or responded in surveys that they feel discriminated against as compared to the total population of a country. This indicator can also be analysed in relation to the percentage of underrepresented/disadvantaged groups (women, ethnic minorities, LGBTQI, disabled persons, refugees/asylum seekers etc.). This is a Tier III indicator (meaning that there is no established methodology and standards or methodology/standards are being developed/tested). 

EU support to CSOs is measured at output level, and this outcome-level indicators follows up on this to see to what extent these beneficiary CSOs engaged in the development and/or implementation of climate change strategies. It is important to have a baseline and endline assessment in order to see what change the EU-funded support has made.

This indicator tracks the status of the National Youth Strategy in the target country/countries. If the EU-funded intervention will directly help to develop this strategy (i.e. by providing technical assistance or organising consultations), then this indicator should be moved to output level.

The USAID CSO Sustainability Index measures the strength and overall viability of civil society sectors. The Index is not intended to gauge the sustainability of individual CSOs, but to fairly evaluate the overall level of development of the CSO sector as a whole.
Seven different dimensions of the CSO sector are analysed in the CSO Sustainability Index: (1) legal environment; (2) organisational capacity; (3) financial viability; (4) advocacy; (5) service provision; (6) infrastructure; (7) public image.
The Index uses a seven-point scale to facilitate comparisons to the Freedom House indices, with 1 representing the highest and 7 the lowest level of sustainability. More detail can be found here.

This indicator measures complaints filed by CSOs or their staff/members in a given country, which are usually filed through numerous mechanisms, national and international. The indicator provides important information on the political climate and political space for CSOs to carry out their work without interference and threats. The organisations publishing data and analysis on this include international networks for the protection of human rights defenders, reports of UN Special mechanisms and Treaty Body Mechanisms and annual reports of global human rights organisations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch.

EU reinforces its partnerships with CSO networks, including foundations, through Framework Partnership Agreements (FPAs). This indicator measures the extent to which FPA partners contribute inputs to the High Level Political Forum, before and after the support of the EU-funded Action.

This indicator measures if and how many coordination mechanisms exist between public institutions, political parties and civil society. These can be Parliamentary Committee meetings or public hearings, meetings of political parties with CSOs or thematic roundtables with relevant line ministries to discuss draft laws and policies and national actions plans. The indicator provides information on how far a country’s government and its public institutions promote and support consultation with civil society to increase a public administration’s accountability, transparency and legitimacy of decision-making.

The MSI assesses five "objectives" in shaping a "successful" media system:
(1) Legal and social norms protect and promote free speech and access to public information;
(2) Journalism meets professional standards of quality;
(3) Multiple news sources provide citizens with reliable, objective news;
(4) Media are well-managed enterprises, allowing editorial independence;
(5) Supporting institutions function in the professional interests of independent media.
 

This indicator measures the level of media concentration in a given country. The COE Committee considers that independent and sustainable public service and not-for-profit community media can serve as a counterbalance to increased media concentration. “It is of utmost importance that the mandates of public service media include the responsibility to reflect political pluralism and foster awareness of diverse opinions, notably by providing different groups in society – including cultural, linguistic, ethnic, religious, sexual or other minorities – with an opportunity to receive and impart information, to express themselves and to exchange ideas.” For more information, see Council of Europe Committee of Ministers recommendations to member States on media pluralism and media ownership, 7 March 2018 CM/REC (2018)1.

TI's National Integrity System evaluates key ‘pillars’ in a country’s governance system, both in terms of their internal corruption risks and their contribution to fighting corruption in society at large. The pillars analysed in a National Integrity System assessment typically include: legislative branch, executive branch, judiciary, public sector, law enforcement, electoral management body, ombudsman, audit inspection, anti-corruption agencies, political parties, media, civil society, business.
As the assessments are quite complex and based on extensive consultations, it is unclear how regularly they are updated.
Question on legislature independence (law): To what extent is the legislature independent and free from subordination to external actors by law? Minimum score (1); mid-point (3); maximum (5).
 

TI's National Integrity System evaluates key ‘pillars’ in a country’s governance system, both in terms of their internal corruption risks and their contribution to fighting corruption in society at large. The pillars analysed in a National Integrity System assessment typically include: legislative branch, executive branch, judiciary, public sector, law enforcement, electoral management body, ombudsman, audit inspection, anti-corruption agencies, political parties, media, civil society, business.
TI has already undertaken some National Integrity Assessments, but its methodology could also be considered for monitoring future projects.
Question on legislature transparency (law): To what extent are there provisions in place to ensure that the public can obtain relevant and timely information on the activities and decision-making processes of the legislature? Minimum score (1); mid-point (3); maximum (5).
 

This indicator measures if and how Parliaments screen draft legislation in relation to its compliance with the national SDG agenda/plan.

This indicator measures how many MPs (of the overall number of MPs) who are young and members  of marginalised and vulnerable. Please specify which definition of 'youth' will be defined and who the marginalised and vulnerable groups are in the local context.

This indicator measures how parliament is involved and complies with core functions in the budget cycle, which is divided into four phases: 1. The budget formulation (i.e.: do parliaments gather information and public and interest group opinion and present recommendations on budget formulation to the executive?), 2. budget consideration and approval (consideration of the executive’s budget proposal in specialist committees, coordinated by finance committee?), 3. Oversight of budget implementation (do parliament’s specialist committee seek information on budget implementation from relevant line ministries, do committees conduct observation missions and 4. Budget audit (does the parliament audit government revenues and expenditure of the previous year together with the supreme audit institution, identifying weaknesses and recommending improvements?). 

To measure this indicator, the following criteria can be considered to assess efficiency in parliamentary administration: 1. Status of the information technology and information management system available at the parliament (i.e. is there a digital archive, record keeping or voting system?), 2. Availability of (digital) documentation and archive systems, 3. Availability of Hansard recording system (transcripts of parliamentary debates), 4. The use of the different components of the parliamentary information management system by MPs and staff is monitored.

For more information, please see Mapping and Study on Performance Indicators for EU Support to Political Parties (2014).

This indicator measures if parties’ funding practices are transparent and their financial management accountable. The most critical aspects are campaign financing and foreign donations. To measure this indicator, information should be collected on the degree to which states require parties to disclose campaign and party finances and how far parties comply, if there are spending and contribution limits and what the legal framework and political parties’ practice on foreign donations is. For more information, please see Mapping and Study on Performance Indicators for EU Support to Political Parties (2014).

This indicator measures if and how political parties publish information on their interaction with private sector lobbyists. It should be analysed in close connection with the campaign financing of political parties.

This indicator measures if the legal framework covers the requirements for registration and functioning of parties and whether a transparent, fair and affordable system of political party and campaign financing is in place, including provisions for disclosure, reporting, monitoring and enforcement.  For more information, please see Mapping and Study on Performance Indicators for EU Support to Political Parties (2014). 

This indicator measures the extent to which the political party financing system is equal, transparent, accountable.

For more information, please see Mapping and Study on Performance Indicators for EU Support to Political Parties (2014), focus area 6: “Parties and society, participation of women, youth and disadvantaged groups”.

This indicator measures if the elections if a given country are held regularly, i.e. often enough to ensure that governmental authority continues to reflect the will of the people, as a basis of governmental legitimacy. States determine the permissible interval between elections, considering circumstances under which genuine elections cannot take place, for example because a state of emergency or armed conflict place restrictions on fundamental rights.

This indicator measures if there have been any changes to the electoral legal framework in the months immediately (6 months) preceding election day. While this is no requirement under international law, limiting the timeframe for changes can promote legal certainty and predictability in the law. Applying the principle of the rule of law according to the UN definition accepted by the EU, it is required that: 1. The election law is publicly promulgated, 2. The election law is fairly applied, 3. There is procedural and legal transparency in the electoral legal framework and 4. All persons are equal before the law and the law is equally enforced. This includes that the legal framework contains proportionate and appropriate sanctions for a violation of election laws.

This indicator measures the participation of registered voters in the election. The participation rate also provides information on the level of credibility that the population attaches to the democratic process and democratic institutions and also on the level of legitimacy of the elected institutions. I.e. a low voter turnout carries the risk of decreasing the legitimacy and credibility of the elected institutions in the perception of the population. 

This indicator measures the number of fraud claims investigated by competent authorities such as the national Election Commission. (It can be different from the number of fraud claims filed with the Election Commission. Therefore, this indicator also provides information on the capacity of the Election Commission to investigate fraud claims).

The number of violent incidents provides information on whether elections have been free and fair or whether political violence has prevented citizens from exercising their right to vote or forced candidates to withdraw from their candidacy.

 This indicator measures the progress done by national authorities to implement recommendations by Election Observation Missions (EOM).EU Election Observation Missions issue a report with recommendations to improve future elections in the country where elections were observed. These recommendations can refer to measures covering different essential elements of the electoral cycle (see above). The EU tools for follow-up to EOMs can include political tools, operational tools, trade relations and action in multilateral fora such as the United Nations. For a list of best practice examples please refer to the indicator source. The indicator also provides information on the levels of improvement of the electoral cycle.

Elections in this indicator should be understood as relating to national parliamentary, presidential, or local elections as well as specific referendums in EU partner countries.

Support to an election should be understood to include activities aimed at improving the quality of the electoral process such as the updating of voter registers, domestic electoral observations and support to electoral commissions. For the purposes of this indicator, EU election observation missions are considered as support to improvement of electoral processes.

This indicator measures the percentage of the population with and in consequence the percentage without legal identity documentation. 
Accurate civil registers are a key prerequisite for adequate budgetary planning in relation to public services and for contributing to accurate voter registers. Good registration can also result in budget revenue for the government, i.e. through better data sharing within public administration, leading to efficient taxation or preventing the misuse of social benefits.
 

This indicator measures the degree to which the population of a given country has all legal identity or legal documentation required to access basic public services, such as health and education. Apart from the birth certificate and the personal ID card, other important documentation includes marriage certificates and divorce documentation, passports for international travel, property/inheritance documents. The last is especially important for women/widows in order to have legal access to their husbands’ property in case of death (for example access to land).

This indicator measures if and how private data are protected under national law and to what extent the sharing of these data is prohibited. For more information, please see:  https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/articles/civil-registration-towards-holis...

Please specify the relevant training topic.

This is a basic indicator that monitors only how many FPA signatories receive a grant. If possible, please add indicators on some of the key deliverables for each of these grants.

This is a basic indicator that monitors only how many CSO platforms receive a grant. If possible, please add indicators on some of the key deliverables for each of these grants.

EU provides funding to CSOs who are engaging with you and other target groups on P/CVE issues. This indicator aims to capture the number of those final beneficiaries of EU-funded action.

This is a relatively easy indicator to measure as it requires only the number of people reached by the given intervention and does not delve into the extent to which this target population absorbed or acted upon the information that was shared.

This indicator measures the number of media actors (professional and non-professional journalists in radio, print media, television and online journalism) that have received trainings or participated in related capacity development activities.

This indicator measures whether media actors have a reference for self-regulation, such as a Code of Ethics and whether they adhere to the standards they set for themselves. Such standards can include the verification of information, protection of sources, abstention from inciting violence.

This indicator measures whether the media actors supported have the necessary tools to carry out their work. Please add definition of tools (i.e. cameras, recording devices, computers etc.)

This indicator measures how complete a picture is produced on the situation of media freedom in a given country or context. The criteria applied by Reporters without Borders are pluralism, media independence, media environment and self-censorship, legislative framework, transparency, and the quality of the infrastructure that supports the production of news and information.

This indicator measures whether the media outlets supported by the intervention have business plans that provide a short and medium-term guarantee for their sustainability, i.e. they have clear projection of income sources and subscribers and a risk management plan regarding possible scenarios of the development of the national media sector in their country of concern, they have innovative ideas to attract funding.

This indicator measures how many journalists benefit from different support and protection measures facilitated by the intervention. In line with measures available through the EU Human Rights Defenders Mechanism or Reporters without Borders, these can include: a) temporary relocation of the threatened journalist and his/her family, b) legal assistance, c) financial resources for security measures in the home and office, d) secure transportation means, e) medical and psychological assistance. 

This indicator measures how many professional, non-professional and citizen journalists benefit from trainings on security and protection measures, rights and legal framework on freedom of expression, cybersecurity and other relevant topics.

This indicator is appropriate at output level if the Action will directly support the revision or development of policies/laws on freedom of expression and access to information, with the aim of achieving compliance with international standards, such as the Council of Europe and UNESCO recommendations on media freedom and pluralism.  

This indicator measures the overall coverage of population in terms of their participation in different types of awareness raising activities supported by the intervention. These can include: 1. community dialogues, 2. radio programmes, 3. multimedia campaigns, 4. roundtables on specific topics, 5. workshops and 6. online and in-person trainings), disaggregated by sex and age group.

This indicator measures access to information material by underrepresented groups. Streamlining a disability dimension into all EU development cooperation instruments still remains to be accomplished. DEVCO and EUDs can make a start by ensuring that all information material of projects/interventions can also be accessed by, for example, blind or deaf persons.

This indicator contributes to measuring the level of awareness of media of the rights of underrepresented groups and their willingness to promote public debate on the rights of these groups by publishing information on their situation.

This indicator measures access to information material by underrepresented groups. Many countries are multilingual and indigenous languages might not be included as an official state language. In consequence, key documents on fundamental rights might not be available in other than the official language. Campaign/awareness raising material should also be adjusted to the capacity of the target group to adequately receive these. For example, the literacy rate of underrepresented ethnic groups might make it necessary to use other means than written material, for example audio or pictures. In addition, the terminology used in the awareness raising material needs to take into account that many human rights terms might not exist in the languages of different ethnic groups or indigenous peoples and need to be circumscribed in a way that allows them to understand the meaning. 

Please specify the parliament staff and the topic X (thematic focus of the intervention)

Oversight bodies are understood here as specific institutions, such as a court of auditors, ombudsman institution and special agencies such as anti-corruption commissions. Please specify the relevant institution and training topics in the local context.

Domestic revenue mobilisation (DRM) refers to the generation of government revenue from domestic resources, from tax or non-tax sources (royalties, licenses, levies or other income). 
Public finance management (PFM) comprises the full budget cycle including revenue administration, budget preparation, budget execution with cash management, procurement systems, internal controls and internal audit, accounting and reporting, external audit and scrutiny. 
Strengthening budget transparency can include EU support to public availability of accessible, timely, comprehensive, and sound budgetary information. 
Interventions using all aid modalities may be considered for this indicator, e.g. budget support or non budget support interventions with technical assistance specific aimed at improving DRM, PFM and/or budget transparency.

This indicator measures how many members of parliament that were trained show an improved knowledge in the final evaluation of the training. This indicator could also be used as an outcome indicator, if it refers to how the trained MPs apply their knowledge, which could be verified through their performance in parliament and through six-months post training evaluation.

This indicator measures if guidelines exist and how they are used by MPs and Committees, i.e. the level of compliance of the draft laws provide information on whether the guidelines are used. 

Domestic revenue mobilisation (DRM) refers to the generation of government revenue from domestic resources, from tax or non-tax sources (royalties, licenses, levies or other income). 
Public finance management (PFM) comprises the full budget cycle including revenue administration, budget preparation, budget execution with cash management, procurement systems, internal controls and internal audit, accounting and reporting, external audit and scrutiny. 
Strengthening budget transparency can include EU support to public availability of accessible, timely, comprehensive, and sound budgetary information. 
Interventions using all aid modalities may be considered for this indicator, e.g. budget support or non budget support interventions with technical assistance specific aimed at improving DRM, PFM and/or budget transparency.

This indicator is appropriate at output level if the Action will directly support the revision/development of legislation in this field.

It must be disaggregated by sex

This indicator measures the number of new, innovative policy issues mentioned for the first time in the electoral program for next parliamentary elections and adopted following consultations with constituency or party focus groups

The indicator refers to the electoral cycle and its 12 essential elements as defined by the Human Rights Council: 1. The legal framework for elections; 2. Electoral systems; 3. Boundary delimitations; 4. Election management, 5. Voter registration; 6. Voter education; 7. Candidacy and campaigning; 8. Voting processes; 9. Counting and tabulation; 10. Dispute resolution; 11. The media and 12. Election observation.

This indicator is relevant at output level if the Action will provide technical assistance for the drafting of the EMB management plan.

This indicator is relevant at output level if the Action will provide technical assistance for the drafting of the procedures for election results transmission.

This indicator is relevant at output level if the Action will provide technical assistance for the development of the electoral districting plans.

This indicator measures the support of the intervention to the institutional strengthening of EMBs. Such assessments can include: the applicable legal framework for the function of the EMBs and identification of gaps therein, human resources (number and technical capacity of staff, clear description of responsibilities), professional development strategies, budget, availability and use of IT tools, logistical capacity (especially related to movement).

It must be disaggregated by sex and underrepresented/disadvantaged group.

This indicator measures how many persons attended civic education workshops supported by the intervention.

This indicator measures the degree to which electoral staff correctly applies the election procedures 

The indicator measures the coverage of polling stations within an election district or administrative-territorial division applied during the election process, by observers supported by the intervention. It contributes to an assessment of how significant the coverage of polling stations is compared to the national total of polling stations or compared to the total of polling stations in a particular electoral district or territorial entity and might also allow to identify whether there were any gaps in the coverage.  The indicator measures the coverage of polling stations within an election district or administrative-territorial division applied during the election process, by observers supported by the intervention. It contributes to an assessment of how significant the coverage of polling stations is compared to the national total of polling stations or compared to the total of polling stations in a particular electoral district or territorial entity and might also allow to identify whether there were any gaps in the coverage.  

This indicator measures a) capacity/expertise of domestic observers to draft election observation reports and b) whether they have been able to publicly report without restrictions (i.e. without security or discrimination related impediments.

The indicator contributes at the national level to measuring progress on compliance with SDG 16.9: By 2030 provide legal identity for all including free birth registrations. The following definitions based on international law can be applied to types of documentation. See also: Legal Identity in the 2030 UN Agenda for Sustainable Development, Open Society Foundation 2016
Legal identity: “the recognition of a person’s existence before the law, facilitating the realization of specific rights and corresponding duties.”
Legal documentation: documents that are necessary for the enjoyment and exercise of one’s rights. This includes, but is not limited to, passports, personal identification documents, birth certificates and marriage certificates.
Birth registration: “the continuous, permanent and universal recording within the civil registry of the occurrence and characteristics of birth, in accordance with the national legal requirements.”
Statelessness: the status of stateless persons. The international legal definition of a “stateless person” is someone “who is not considered as a national by any State under the operation of its law.”
See OSF Paper for above definitions. The indicator referring to the time required to get the requested legal documentation (birth, death, marriage, divorce etc.) contributes to measuring the overall functionality and efficiency and effectiveness of the centre in terms of equipment and staff available, capacity levels of staff, procedures that apply to issuing each piece of documentation.
 

It must be disaggregated by urban/rural.

The indicator measures the number of registration centres that were built or otherwise established and opened for service with the support of EU funding.

Operational status must be of completeness and quality

Legal identity documentation can be birth/death, marriage/divorce, personal identity cards issued etc.

The operational status refers to the completeness and quality of data collected and of their regular updating and whether they are available online or paper records. The quality of data includes disaggregation by sex. Important note: by taking into account gender identity, some countries have introduced the third gender in order to provide an opportunity for persons who do not categorize themselves as either male or female or intersex persons. In some countries, the third gender category in legal documentation is only available to inter-sex persons, while in other countries it is also available to persons with a gender identity different from their sex assigned at birth. Countries that recognize the third gender currently include: Nepal, India, Germany, Austria, Australia and Canada.

It must be disaggregated by sex

Underrepresented groups’ organisations can be made up by youth, people with disabilities and/or minorities.