STAT/09/149
22 October 2009
Provision of deficit and debt data for 2008 - second notification
Euro area and EU27 government deficit at 2.0% and 2.3% of GDP respectively
Government debt at 69.3% and 61.5%
In 2008, the government deficit 1 and government debt 1 of both the euro area 2 (EA16) and the EU27 increased compared with 2007. In the euro area the government deficit to GDP ratio increased from 0.6% in 2007 3 to 2.0% in 2008, and in the EU27 it increased from 0.8% to 2.3%. In the euro area the government debt to GDP ratio increased from 66.0% at the end of 2007 to 69.3% at the end of 2008, and in the EU27 from 58.7% to 61.5%.
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | ||
| Euro area (EA16) | |||||
| GDP market prices (mp) | (million euro) | 8 145 964 | 8 554 969 | 9 002 114 | 9 265 371 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | -204 449 | -110 759 | -52 496 | -182 258 |
| % of GDP | -2.5 | -1.3 | -0.6 | -2.0 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 47.4 | 46.7 | 46.0 | 46.8 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 44.8 | 45.3 | 45.4 | 44.8 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 5 710 414 | 5 841 004 | 5 938 792 | 6 421 658 |
| % of GDP | 70.1 | 68.3 | 66.0 | 69.3 | |
| EU27 | |||||
| GDP mp | (million euro) | 11 061 969 | 11 683 430 | 12 362 471 | 12 503 134 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | -269 702 | -165 676 | -99 385 | -286 815 |
| % of GDP | -2.4 | -1.4 | -0.8 | -2.3 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 46.9 | 46.3 | 45.7 | 46.8 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 44.4 | 44.9 | 44.9 | 44.6 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 6 937 297 | 7 163 806 | 7 252 930 | 7 690 881 |
| % of GDP | 62.7 | 61.3 | 58.7 | 61.5 |
I n 2008 the largest government deficits in percentage of GDP were recorded by Greece (-7.7%), Ireland (-7.2%), Romania (-5.5%), the United Kingdom (-5.0%), Malta (-4.7%), Spain (-4.1%), Latvia (-4.1%), Hungary (-3.8%), Poland (-3.6%), France (-3.4%) and Lithuania (-3.2%). Eight Member States registered a government surplus in 2008: Finland (+4.5%), Denmark (+3.4%), Luxembourg (+2.5%), Sweden (+2.5%), Bulgaria (+1.8%), Cyprus (+0.9%), the Netherlands (+0.7%) and Germany (0.0%). In all, four Member States recorded an improved government balance relative to GDP in 2008 compared with 2007 and 23 a worsening.
At the end of 2008, the lowest ratios of government debt to GDP were recorded in Estonia (4.6%), Luxembourg (13.5%), Romania (13.6%), Bulgaria (14.1%), and Lithuania (15.6%). Nine Member States had government debt ratios higher than 60% of GDP in 2008: Italy (105.8%), Greece (99.2%), Belgium (89.8%), Hungary (72.9%), France (67.4%), Portugal (66.3%), Germany (65.9%), Malta (63.8%) and Austria (62.6%).
In 2008, government expenditure 4 in the euro area was equivalent to 46.8% of GDP and government revenue 4 to 44.8%. The figures for the EU27 were 46.8% and 44.6% respectively. In both zones, the government expenditure ratio increased between 2007 and 2008, while the government revenue ratio decreased.
Reservations on reported data 5
Greece : Eurostat has expressed a reservation on the data reported by Greece due to significant uncertainties over the figures notified by the Greek statistical authorities.
Denmark : Eurostat has withdrawn the reservation on the data reported by Denmark in the April 2009 notification following the Eurostat decision on the recording of government interventions in the context of the financial turmoil. During 2008 the Danish authorities nationalised the Roskilde Bank and established a vehicle for bank rescues (AFS-Afviklingsselskabet). These bodies were classified as financial corporations in the reported Danish data in April 2009 and Eurostat has confirmed that the recording of such entities in the financial corporations sector is correct.
United Kingdom : Eurostat has withdrawn the reservation on the data reported by the United Kingdom in the April 2009 notification following the Eurostat decision on the recording of government interventions in the context of the financial turmoil . From April 2008, the United Kingdom government provided 185 billion GBP of treasury bills to the Bank of England for use in the Special Liquidity Scheme. These bills were not recorded as part of United Kingdom government debt. Eurostat has confirmed that the recording was correct and that these bills should statistically not be included as part of United Kingdom government debt.
Amendment by Eurostat to reported data 6
United Kingdom : Eurostat has amended the deficit data notified by the United Kingdom for the years 2005 to 2008 for consistency of recording of UMTS licences proceeds in 2000. This leads to an increase in the government deficit in 2005, 2007 and 2008 (as well as for financial year 2005/2006, 2007/2008 and 2008/2009) by 1044 mn GBP (0.1% of GDP) and in 2006 (financial year 2006/2007) by 1045 mn GBP (0.1% of GDP). There is no change in the reported debt figures.
Other issues
Eurostat decision on the statistical recording of public interventions to support financial institutions and financial markets during the financial crisis:
Eurostat published on 15 July 2009 its decision on the statistical recording of public interventions to support financial institutions and financial markets during the financial crisis (See Eurostat News Release 103/2009). The Release was accompanied by a technical guidance note on the subject.
Publication of supplementary tables for the financial crisis:
Eurostat publishes, for the first time, in Annex 2 supplementary tables for the financial crisis for the euro area and the EU27. These tables contain data on the "net revenue/cost for general government (impact on ESA95 government deficit)" and "outstanding amounts of assets, actual liabilities and contingent liabilities of government" in relation to government interventions in the context of the financial turmoil for the years 2007 and 2008. Eurostat also publishes, on its web site
( http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/government_finance_statistics/procedure/supplementary_tables_financial_turmoil ), a summary table and tables for individual Member States.
Background
In this News Release, Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Communities , is providing 7 government deficit and debt data based on figures reported in the second 2009 notification by EU Member States for the years 2005-2008, for the application of the excessive deficit procedure (EDP). This notification is based on the ESA95 system of national accounts. This News Release also includes data on government expenditure and revenue and an annex with the main revisions since the April 2009 News Release.
Eurostat will also be releasing information on the underlying government sector accounts, as well as on the contribution of deficit/surplus and other relevant factors to the variation in the debt level (stock-flow adjustment), on the government finance statistics section on its website:
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/pls/portal/url/page/PGP_DS_GFS/PGE_DS_GFS_0
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According to the Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the EC Treaty, government deficit (surplus) means the net borrowing (net lending) of the whole general government sector (central government, state government, local government and social security funds). It is calculated according to national accounts concepts (European System of Accounts, ESA95). Government debt is the consolidated gross debt of the whole general government sector outstanding at the end of the year (at nominal value).
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Table of euro area and EU27 aggregates: the data are in euro. For those countries not belonging to the euro area, the rate of conversion into euro is as follows:
- for deficit / surplus and GDP data, the annual average exchange rate;
- for the stock of government debt, the end of year exchange rate.
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Table of national data: these are in national currencies. For Cyprus, Malta, Slovenia and Slovakia, data for the years prior to the adoption of the euro have been converted into euro according to the irrevocable conversion rate.
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Euro area (EA16): Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Cyprus, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia and Finland. In the attached table, the euro area is defined as including Cyprus, Malta, Slovenia and Slovakia for the full period, although Slovenia joined the euro area on 1 January 2007, Cyprus and Malta on 1 January 2008 and Slovakia on 1 January 2009.
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In the previous provision of data for the excessive deficit procedure, the 2008 government deficits for the EA16 and the EU27 were 1.9% and 2.3% of GDP respectively. The government debt of the EA16 was 69.3% of GDP and of the EU27 61.5% of GDP. See News Release 56/2009 of 22 April 2009.
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Government expenditure and revenue are reported to Eurostat under the ESA95 transmission programme. They are the sum of non-financial transactions by general government, and include both current and capital transactions. For definitions, see Council Regulation No. 2223/96, as amended. It should be noted that the government balance (i.e. the difference between total government revenue and expenditure) is not exactly the same under ESA95 as that for the purpose of the excessive deficit procedure. Regulation (EC) No 2558/2001 on the reclassification of settlements under swaps agreements and forward rate agreements implies that there are two relevant definitions of government deficit/surplus:
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The ESA95 definition of net lending /net borrowing does not include streams of payments and receipts resulting from swap agreements and forward rate agreements, as these are recorded as financial transactions;
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For the purpose of the excessive deficit procedure, streams of payments and receipts resulting from swaps and forward rate agreements are recorded as interest expenditure and contribute to the net lending/net borrowing of general government.
Concerning 2008, for most Member States, the difference, if any, between the two balances is minor.
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The term “reservations” is defined in article 15 (1) of Council Regulation 479/2009. The Commission (Eurostat) expresses reservations when it has doubts on the quality of the reported data.
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According to Article 15 (2) of Council Regulation 479/2009, the Commission (Eurostat) may amend actual data reported by Member States and provide the amended data and a justification of the amendment where there is evidence that actual data reported by Member States do not comply with the quality requirements (compliance with accounting rules, completeness, reliability, timeliness and consistency of statistical data).
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According to Article 14 (1) of Council Regulation 479/2009, Eurostat provides the actual government deficit and debt data for the application of the Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure, within three weeks after the reporting deadlines. This provision of data shall be effected through publication.
For further information on the methodology of statistics reported under the excessive deficit procedure, please see Council Regulation 479/2009 (available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:145:0001:0009:EN:PDF ), Council Regulation 2223/96, as amended (consolidated version available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/consleg/1996/R/01996R2223-20030807-en.pdf ) and the Eurostat publication " ESA95 manual on government deficit and debt ", second edition (2002), 240 pages, ISBN 92-894-3231-4, pdf file free of charge, paper copy 37 euro (excluding VAT). Additions to this manual on securitisation, capital injections, classification of funded pension schemes, lump sum payments to government in the context of the transfer of pension obligations, and long term contracts between government units and non-government partners are available in the government finance statistics section on the Eurostat website.
| Issued by: Eurostat Press Office Tim ALLEN Tel: +352-4301-33 444 | Eurostat news releases on the Internet: Selected Principal European Economic Indicators : |
GDP, government deficit/surplus and debt in the EU (in national currencies)
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | ||
| Belgium | |||||
| GDP mp | (million euro) | 302 845 | 318 193 | 334 948 | 344 676 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | -8 233 | 814 | -661 | -4 061 |
| % of GDP | -2.7 | 0.3 | -0.2 | -1.2 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 52.2 | 48.6 | 48.4 | 50.0 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 49.4 | 48.7 | 48.2 | 48.8 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 279 062 | 280 425 | 282 149 | 309 674 |
| % of GDP | 92.1 | 88.1 | 84.2 | 89.8 | |
| Bulgaria |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million BGN) | 42 797 | 49 361 | 56 520 | 66 728 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million BGN) | 809 | 1 485 | 39 | 1 224 |
| % of GDP | 1.9 | 3.0 | 0.1 | 1.8 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 39.3 | 36.5 | 41.5 | 37.3 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 41.2 | 39.5 | 41.5 | 39.1 |
| Government debt | (million BGN) | 12 498 | 11 189 | 10 287 | 9 389 |
| % of GDP | 29.2 | 22.7 | 18.2 | 14.1 | |
| Czech Republic |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million CZK) | 2 983 862 | 3 222 369 | 3 535 460 | 3 688 994 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million CZK) | -106 749 | -84 902 | -23 875 | -77 366 |
| % of GDP | -3.6 | -2.6 | -0.7 | -2.1 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 45.0 | 43.7 | 42.5 | 42.9 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 41.4 | 41.1 | 41.9 | 40.9 |
| Government debt | (million CZK) | 885 381 | 948 276 | 1 023 784 | 1 104 915 |
| % of GDP | 29.7 | 29.4 | 29.0 | 30.0 | |
| Denmark |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million DKK) | 1 545 300 | 1 628 600 | 1 687 900 | 1 733 500 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million DKK) | 80 600 | 84 700 | 76 700 | 58 700 |
| % of GDP | 5.2 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 3.4 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 52.8 | 51.6 | 51.0 | 51.9 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 57.8 | 56.6 | 55.4 | 55.3 |
| Government debt | (million DKK) | 572 900 | 509 600 | 453 200 | 580 300 |
| % of GDP | 37.1 | 31.3 | 26.8 | 33.5 | |
| Germany |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million euro) | 2 242 200 | 2 325 100 | 2 428 200 | 2 495 800 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | -73 950 | -37 800 | 4 880 | 1 050 |
| % of GDP | -3.3 | -1.6 | 0.2 | 0.0 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 46.8 | 45.4 | 43.7 | 43.7 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 43.5 | 43.7 | 43.9 | 43.7 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 1 524 017 | 1 571 049 | 1 577 708 | 1 644 473 |
| % of GDP | 68.0 | 67.6 | 65.0 | 65.9 | |
| Estonia |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million EEK) | 174 956 | 206 996 | 244 504 | 251 493 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million EEK) | 2 827 | 4 742 | 6 435 | -6 907 |
| % of GDP | 1.6 | 2.3 | 2.6 | -2.7 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 33.6 | 34.0 | 34.8 | 39.9 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 35.2 | 36.3 | 37.4 | 37.1 |
| Government debt | (million EEK) | 8 000 | 9 242 | 9 268 | 11 600 |
| % of GDP | 4.6 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 4.6 | |
| Ireland |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million euro) | 162 091 | 176 759 | 189 751 | 181 816 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | 2 691 | 5 285 | 475 | -13 010 |
| % of GDP | 1.7 | 3.0 | 0.3 | -7.2 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 33.7 | 34.2 | 36.2 | 42.0 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 35.4 | 37.2 | 36.5 | 34.9 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 44 657 | 44 255 | 47 703 | 80 153 |
| % of GDP | 27.6 | 25.0 | 25.1 | 44.1 |
GDP, government deficit/surplus and debt in the EU (in national currencies)
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | ||
| Greece | |||||
| GDP mp | (million euro) | 195 367 | 210 459 | 226 437 | 239 141 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | -10 068 | -6 110 | -8 287 | -18 507 |
| % of GDP | -5.2 | -2.9 | -3.7 | -7.7 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 43.8 | 42.9 | 44.4 | 48.3 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 38.5 | 39.7 | 40.4 | 40.6 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 195 421 | 204 423 | 216 401 | 237 196 |
| % of GDP | 100.0 | 97.1 | 95.6 | 99.2 | |
| Spain |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million euro) | 908 792 | 984 284 | 1 052 730 | 1 088 502 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | 8 759 | 19 847 | 20 066 | -44 260 |
| % of GDP | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | -4.1 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 38.4 | 38.4 | 39.2 | 41.1 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 39.4 | 40.4 | 41.1 | 37.0 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 391 028 | 389 431 | 380 545 | 432 081 |
| % of GDP | 43.0 | 39.6 | 36.1 | 39.7 | |
| France |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million euro) | 1 726 068 | 1 806 433 | 1 894 646 | 1 950 085 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | -50 368 | -41 066 | -51 318 | -65 919 |
| % of GDP | -2.9 | -2.3 | -2.7 | -3.4 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 53.4 | 52.7 | 52.3 | 52.7 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 50.4 | 50.4 | 49.6 | 49.3 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 1 145 354 | 1 149 937 | 1 208 777 | 1 314 143 |
| % of GDP | 66.4 | 63.7 | 63.8 | 67.4 | |
| Italy |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million euro) | 1 429 479 | 1 485 377 | 1 544 915 | 1 572 243 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | -61 432 | -49 312 | -23 225 | -42 979 |
| % of GDP | -4.3 | -3.3 | -1.5 | -2.7 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 48.2 | 48.7 | 47.9 | 48.7 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 43.8 | 45.4 | 46.4 | 46.0 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 1 512 777 | 1 581 997 | 1 599 579 | 1 663 031 |
| % of GDP | 105.8 | 106.5 | 103.5 | 105.8 | |
| Cyprus |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million euro) | 13 462 | 14 435 | 15 879 | 17 248 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | -326 | -173 | 537 | 158 |
| % of GDP | -2.4 | -1.2 | 3.4 | 0.9 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 43.6 | 43.4 | 42.2 | 42.6 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 41.2 | 42.2 | 45.5 | 43.5 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 9 300 | 9 331 | 9 262 | 8 347 |
| % of GDP | 69.1 | 64.6 | 58.3 | 48.4 | |
| Latvia |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million LVL) | 9 059 | 11 172 | 14 780 | 16 275 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million LVL) | -36 | -52 | -45 | -672 |
| % of GDP | -0.4 | -0.5 | -0.3 | -4.1 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 35.6 | 38.2 | 35.9 | 38.8 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 35.1 | 37.7 | 35.5 | 34.6 |
| Government debt | (million LVL) | 1 122 | 1 190 | 1 330 | 3 181 |
| % of GDP | 12.4 | 10.7 | 9.0 | 19.5 | |
| Lithuania |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million LTL) | 72 060 | 82 793 | 98 669 | 111 190 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million LTL) | -362 | -371 | -1 001 | -3 598 |
| % of GDP | -0.5 | -0.4 | -1.0 | -3.2 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 33.3 | 33.6 | 34.8 | 37.4 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 32.8 | 33.1 | 33.8 | 34.2 |
| Government debt | (million LTL) | 13 276 | 14 939 | 16 698 | 17 375 |
| % of GDP | 18.4 | 18.0 | 16.9 | 15.6 |
GDP, government deficit/surplus and debt in the EU (in national currencies)
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | ||
| Luxembourg | |||||
| GDP mp | (million euro) | 30 282 | 34 150 | 37 466 | 39 348 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | 1 | 460 | 1 379 | 965 |
| % of GDP | 0.0 | 1.3 | 3.7 | 2.5 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 41.5 | 38.3 | 36.2 | 37.7 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 41.5 | 39.7 | 39.9 | 40.2 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 1 837 | 2 242 | 2 472 | 5 326 |
| % of GDP | 6.1 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 13.5 | |
| Hungary |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million HUF) | 21 988 587 | 23 755 487 | 25 408 080 | 26 543 252 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million HUF) | -1 737 252 | -2 212 435 | -1 269 133 | -1 002 497 |
| % of GDP | -7.9 | -9.3 | -5.0 | -3.8 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 50.1 | 52.0 | 49.8 | 49.2 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 42.2 | 42.6 | 44.8 | 45.5 |
| Government debt | (million HUF) | 13 582 511 | 15 592 501 | 16 731 503 | 19 343 719 |
| % of GDP | 61.8 | 65.6 | 65.9 | 72.9 | |
| Malta |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million euro) | 4 781 | 5 114 | 5 448 | 5 687 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | -138 | -131 | -119 | -265 |
| % of GDP | -2.9 | -2.6 | -2.2 | -4.7 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 44.9 | 43.7 | 42.5 | 45.0 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 42.0 | 41.2 | 40.4 | 40.3 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 3 355 | 3 254 | 3 379 | 3 626 |
| % of GDP | 70.2 | 63.6 | 62.0 | 63.8 | |
| Netherlands |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million euro) | 513 407 | 540 216 | 568 664 | 595 883 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | -1 359 | 2 919 | 1 095 | 4 200 |
| % of GDP | -0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.7 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 44.8 | 45.5 | 45.5 | 45.9 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 44.5 | 46.1 | 45.7 | 46.6 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 266 060 | 255 916 | 258 592 | 346 687 |
| % of GDP | 51.8 | 47.4 | 45.5 | 58.2 | |
| Austria |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million euro) | 243 585 | 256 162 | 270 782 | 281 867 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | -3 843 | -4 144 | -1 496 | -1 253 |
| % of GDP | -1.6 | -1.6 | -0.6 | -0.4 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 50.1 | 49.7 | 48.8 | 48.9 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 48.4 | 47.9 | 48.1 | 48.4 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 155 753 | 159 450 | 161 033 | 176 575 |
| % of GDP | 63.9 | 62.2 | 59.5 | 62.6 | |
| Poland |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million PLN) | 983 302 | 1 060 031 | 1 176 737 | 1 272 838 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million PLN) | -40 057 | -38 476 | -22 105 | -46 447 |
| % of GDP | -4.1 | -3.6 | -1.9 | -3.6 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 43.4 | 43.9 | 42.2 | 43.3 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 39.4 | 40.2 | 40.3 | 39.6 |
| Government debt | (million PLN) | 463 019 | 506 036 | 529 342 | 600 803 |
| % of GDP | 47.1 | 47.7 | 45.0 | 47.2 | |
| Portugal |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million euro) | 149 124 | 155 446 | 163 052 | 166 433 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | -9 083 | -6 092 | -4 218 | -4 456 |
| % of GDP | -6.1 | -3.9 | -2.6 | -2.7 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 47.6 | 46.3 | 45.8 | 46.0 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 41.6 | 42.3 | 43.2 | 43.2 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 94 792 | 100 522 | 103 702 | 110 377 |
| % of GDP | 63.6 | 64.7 | 63.6 | 66.3 |
GDP, government deficit/surplus and debt in the EU (in national currencies)
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | ||
| Romania | |||||
| GDP mp | (million RON) | 288 955 | 344 651 | 416 007 | 503 959 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million RON) | -3 344 | -7 474 | -10 466 | -27 941 |
| % of GDP | -1.2 | -2.2 | -2.5 | -5.5 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 33.5 | 35.3 | 36.0 | 38.4 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 32.3 | 33.1 | 33.5 | 32.8 |
| Government debt | (million RON) | 45 626 | 42 583 | 52 292 | 68 532 |
| % of GDP | 15.8 | 12.4 | 12.6 | 13.6 | |
| Slovenia |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million euro) | 28 750 | 31 050 | 34 568 | 37 135 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | -412 | -404 | 8 | -667 |
| % of GDP | -1.4 | -1.3 | 0.0 | -1.8 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 45.2 | 44.5 | 42.4 | 44.2 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 43.8 | 43.2 | 42.4 | 42.4 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 7 755 | 8 289 | 8 071 | 8 337 |
| % of GDP | 27.0 | 26.7 | 23.3 | 22.5 | |
| Slovakia |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million euro) | 49 280 | 55 046 | 61 547 | 67 221 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | -1 387 | -1 902 | -1 143 | -1 549 |
| % of GDP | -2.8 | -3.5 | -1.9 | -2.3 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 38.0 | 36.9 | 34.4 | 34.8 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 35.2 | 33.5 | 32.5 | 32.5 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 16 847 | 16 769 | 18 053 | 18 613 |
| % of GDP | 34.2 | 30.5 | 29.3 | 27.7 | |
| Finland |
|
|
|
| |
| GDP mp | (million euro) | 157 070 | 167 009 | 179 659 | 184 728 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million euro) | 4 398 | 6 689 | 9 405 | 8 239 |
| % of GDP | 2.8 | 4.0 | 5.2 | 4.5 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 50.3 | 48.7 | 47.3 | 49.0 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 52.9 | 52.6 | 52.5 | 53.4 |
| Government debt | (million euro) | 65 653 | 65 698 | 63 225 | 63 019 |
| % of GDP | 41.8 | 39.3 | 35.2 | 34.1 | |
| Sweden |
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| GDP mp | (million SEK) | 2 735 218 | 2 900 790 | 3 063 873 | 3 156 881 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million SEK) | 61 785 | 73 720 | 116 992 | 78 824 |
| % of GDP | 2.3 | 2.5 | 3.8 | 2.5 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 55.2 | 54.1 | 52.5 | 53.1 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 57.2 | 56.5 | 56.3 | 55.6 |
| Government debt | (million SEK) | 1 395 833 | 1 330 624 | 1 240 782 | 1 199 959 |
| % of GDP | 51.0 | 45.9 | 40.5 | 38.0 | |
| United Kingdom * |
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| GDP mp | (million GBP) | 1 254 058 | 1 325 795 | 1 398 882 | 1 448 055 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million GBP) | -42 187 | -35 283 | -37 650 | -72 384 |
| % of GDP | -3.4 | -2.7 | -2.7 | -5.0 | |
| Government expenditure | % of GDP | 44.0 | 44.0 | 44.1 | 47.3 |
| Government revenue | % of GDP | 40.8 | 41.4 | 41.4 | 42.4 |
| Government debt | (million GBP) | 529 371 | 573 337 | 618 338 | 752 998 |
| % of GDP | 42.2 | 43.2 | 44.2 | 52.0 | |
| Financial year (fy) | 2005/2006 | 2006/2007 | 2007/2008 | 2008/2009 | |
| GDP mp | (million GBP) | 1 270 835 | 1 346 209 | 1 417 797 | 1 435 006 |
| Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) | (million GBP) | -39 106 | -35 630 | -38 540 | -99 464 |
| % of GDP | -3.1 | -2.6 | -2.7 | -6.9 | |
| Government debt | (million GBP) | 531 478 | 574 092 | 613 883 | 796 921 |
| % of GDP | 41.8 | 42.6 | 43.3 | 55.5 |
* Data refer to calendar years. Data referring to the financial year (1 April to 31 March), are shown in italics. For the United Kingdom, the relevant data for implementation of the excessive deficit procedure are financial year data.
Annex 1
Main revisions between the April 2009 and October 2009 notifications
Below are shown country specific explanations for the largest revisions in deficit and debt for 2005-2008 between the April 2009 and October 2009 notifications, as well as in GDP.
Deficit
Bulgaria : The increase in the surplus for 2008 is mainly due to updated source data on hospitals and on accrued revenue for central government.
Czech Republic : The increase in the deficit for 2008 is mainly due to updated source data on acquisition of non-financial assets and on tax revenues.
Denmark : The decrease in the surplus for 2008 is mainly due to a downward revision of VAT revenues.
Germany : The decrease in the deficit for 2007 is due to the removal of a transaction, previously rerouted via government, involving IKB bank.
Estonia : The decrease in the surplus for 2006 is due to a change in the time of recording of sugar stock fines and the elimination of a recording error. The decrease in the deficit for 2008 is due to the reclassification of a public-private-partnership relating to the renovation of schools on a local government level.
Greece : The increase in the deficit for 2008 is due to new data sent to Eurostat on 21 October 2009.
Spain : The increase in the deficit for 2007 and 2008 is due to updated source data and methodological changes, such as the sector re-classification of some units and reclassification of certain financial transactions.
Hungary : The increase in the deficit for 2008 is due to updated source data for EU grants.
Netherlands : The decrease in the surpluses for 2007 and 2008 is due to updated source data for central government and the social security sub-sectors.
Poland : The decrease in the deficits for 2005-2008 is mainly due to a change in the method of the recording of personal income and corporate income taxes to a time-adjusted cash method.
Romania : The increase in the deficit for 2008 is mainly due to new information on debt cancellation operations and to updated data sources on capital expenditure.
Slovenia : The decrease in the surplus for 2007 and the increase in the deficit for 2008 are mainly due to updated source data on taxes.
Finland : The increase in the surplus for 2008 is due to an increase in interest receivable and dividends receivable in the social security sub-sectors.
United Kingdom : The decrease in the deficit for 2008 is due to updated source data on revenue and expenditure in central and local government sub-sectors.
Debt
France : The decrease in debt for 2008 is due to the reclassification of SFEF (Société de financement de l'économie française) outside the general government sector.
Finland : The increase in debt for 2005 and 2008 is due to reclassification of financial instruments from other accounts payable (with no impact on government debt) to loans.
GDP
The GDP for 2008 notified in October 2009 for EDP purposes was revised by a number of Member States compared to that notified in April 2009, most notably by Luxembourg (6.8% upwards), Estonia (1.3% upwards) and Ireland (2.1% downwards). Changes in GDP affect deficit and debt ratios due to the denominator effect.
Revisions in government deficit/surplus and government debt ratios
from the April 2009 to the October 2009 notification
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* Revisions to deficit/surplus ratios: a positive sign means an improved government balance relative to GDP, and a negative sign a worsening.
Revisions in government deficit/surplus and government debt ratios
from the April 2009 to the October 2009 notification
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* Revisions to deficit/surplus ratios: a positive sign means an improved government balance relative to GDP, and a negative sign a worsening.
Annex 2
Supplementary tables for the financial crisis
Activities undertaken by government to support financial institutions 1
Table 1: Net revenue/cost for general government recorded in ESA95 government deficit
Millions of euro
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| A | Revenue (a+b+c+d) | 0 | 1 169 | 260 | 28 865 | ||||||||
| a | Guarantee fees receivable | 0 | 240 | 0 | 912 | ||||||||
| b | Interest receivable | 0 | 576 | 260 | 1 770 | ||||||||
| c | Dividends receivable | 0 | 53 | 0 | 53 | ||||||||
| d | Other | 0 | 300 | 0 | 26 130 | ||||||||
| B | Expenditure (e+f+g+h) | 0 | 4 480 | 199 | 38 016 | ||||||||
| e | Interest payable 2 | 0 | 779 | 0 | 1 303 | ||||||||
| f | Capital injections recorded as deficit-increasing (capital transfer) | 0 | 1 100 | 0 | 4 185 | ||||||||
| g | Calls on guarantees | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| h | Other | 0 | 2 601 | 199 | 32 528 | ||||||||
| C | Net revenue/cost for general government (A-B) | 0 | -3 310 | 62 | -9 151 | ||||||||
| C | Net revenue/cost for general government (A-B) (% of GDP) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.1 | ||||||||
Source: Eurostat
Table 2: Outstanding amount of assets, actual liabilities 4 and contingent liabilities of general government
Millions of euro 3
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Source: Eurostat
The supplementary tables for the financial crisis aim to give a complete picture of the actual and potential impact on government deficit and debt due to government interventions relating to the financial crisis.
These tables are only intended to show government interventions directly related to the support of financial institutions. Support measures for non financial institutions or general economic support measures are not included in the tables.
The first table relates to data on transactions which are recorded in government accounts and have an actual impact on the EDP deficit/surplus. The second table relates to data on stocks of financial assets and liabilities arising from interventions relating to support of financial institutions. It distinguishes between activities which have contributed to government liabilities (included in government debt) and activities which may potentially contribute to government liabilities in the future, but which are for now considered as contingent on future events (not included for the moment in government debt).
In particular, line C in table 1 shows the net impact in terms of EDP surplus/deficit for government due to direct government interventions in the financial crisis. It can be seen that for the euro area, these interventions increased government deficit in 2008 by 3.3 bn euro, or 0.04% of GDP, a negligible amount. For the EU27 the impact was marginally higher, at 9.2 bn or 0.07% of GDP in 2008. The other expenditure and revenue items in 2008 largely relate to the transfer of deposits in the United Kingdom from Bradford and Bingley building society to Santander bank, which led to the recording of capital transfers to and from the UK government.
Table 2 shows that the impact on government debt in 2008 (closing balance sheet for liabilities) for the euro area was 175 bn euro or 1.9% of GDP, while for the EU27 the figure was 242 bn or 1.9% of GDP. As far as contingent liabilities are concerned (with a potential impact on debt and possibly on deficit), they amounted to 501 bn or 5.4% of GDP for the euro area and to 814 bn or 6.5% of GDP for the EU27.
Further tables on actual and potential impact on government deficit and debt, by Member State, can be found on Eurostat's website at:
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These tables relate to activities undertaken to support financial institutions. They do not include wider economic stimulus packages.
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Interest payable is estimated, based on the government debt implications of activities and the average government bond rate for the year.
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The appropriate valuation for all entries in table 2 is nominal value, except for ordinary quoted shares held as assets (which should be recorded at market value).
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By convention, for the liabilities entry under "general government" (which is the impact on Maastricht Debt from activities to support financial institutions), there is assumed to be a direct impact on government debt from activities which imply a transfer of cash from government (e.g. transfer of cash relating to capital injections, loans granted, purchase of financial assets), except for the impact from direct borrowing. In addition, imputation relating to financing of the financing costs should be included.
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Guarantees covered are those granted by general government to non-general government units. It does not include guarantees on bank deposits, or guarantees on the liabilities of special purpose entities included in (h). It is only the value of active guarantees, not announced ceilings for schemes. It also includes guarantees on assets, which would imply incurrence of government liability in case of a call.
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Liquidity schemes included here are those where the government securities used are not recorded in government debt (see the Eurostat Decision and accompanying guidance note for details). By convention in table 2, they are recorded as "contingent liabilities outside the general government", as for guarantees.
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Special purpose entities included here are those where government has a significant role, including a guarantee, but which are classified outside the general government sector (see the Eurostat Decision and accompanying guidance note for details). Their liabilities are recorded outside the general government sector (as contingent liabilities of general government).
