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The economy

Operating as a single market with 28 countries, the EU is a major world trading power.

EU economic policy seeks to sustain growth by investing in transport, energy and research – while minimising the impact of further economic development on the environment.

Measuring the EU’s economy

The EU's economy — measured in terms of the goods and services it produces (GDP) — is now bigger than the US's: EU GDP in 2014:

€13,920,541 million

Trade

With just 7% of the world’s population, the EU's trade with the rest of the world accounts for around 20% of global exports and imports.

Around two-thirds of EU countries’ total trade is done with other EU countries.

Trade has been hit by the global recession, but the EU remains the world’s largest player accounting for 16.4% of global imports in 2011. The EU is followed by the United States with 15.5% of all imports, and China with 11.9%. The EU was also the biggest exporter, accounting for 15.4% of all exports – compared with 13.4% for China and the 10.5% for the United States.

Employment

Employment has also been hit by the global economic crisis, and the turbulence in the eurozone.

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Workforce employed in agriculture

Country	Family labour force	Regular non family labour force	Non-family labour force working on non-regular basis
Austria	90,52%	8,48%	1,00%
Belgium	74,52%	19,54%	5,93%
Bulgaria	86,22%	10,01%	3,77%
Croatia	96,09%	3,45%	0,46%
Cyprus	92,87%	5,46%	1,66%
Czech Republic	36,30%	60,75%	2,95%
Denmark	65,28%	32,08%	2,63%
Estonia	69,08%	29,78%	1,14%
Finland	59,08%	32,99%	7,93%
France	49,54%	41,97%	8,49%
Germany	69,45%	23,22%	7,33%
Greece	94,07%	1,94%	3,98%
Hungary	88,02%	8,90%	3,08%
Ireland	92,55%	6,32%	1,13%
Italy	88,18%	6,48%	5,34%
Latvia	88,17%	11,66%	0,18%
Lithuania	87,94%	11,28%	0,77%
Luxembourg	74,17%	22,70%	3,13%
Malta	95,85%	3,75%	0,40%
Netherlands	62,10%	27,86%	10,04%
Poland	96,38%	2,17%	1,44%
Portugal	86,88%	9,30%	3,82%
Romania	97,15%	1,34%	1,51%
Slovakia	47,92%	50,16%	1,92%
Slovenia	97,24%	1,29%	1,46%
Spain	74,27%	17,85%	7,88%
Sweden	58,96%	35,20%	5,85%
United Kingdom	60,70%	33,62%	5,67%

Source: Eurostat

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Percentage of people employed in industry (excluding construction) compared to 2010 (2010 = 100)

Year	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
2013	98.99	98.90	98.73	98.75
2014	98.94	99.15	99.38	99.49
2013	96.76	97.22	96.32	95.99
2014	94.30	94.82	94.82	94.86
2013	97.22	96.59	96.11	95.59
2014	94.94	94.44	94.06	93.76
2013	100.81	100.79	100.60	100.61
2014	101.14	101.70	102.09	102.62
2013	96.67	96.41	96.28	95.92
2014	96.23	96.92	96.97	97.39
2013	105.33	105.42	105.49	105.65
2014	105.85	106.19	106.42	106.63
2013	107.22	107.90	108.10	108.08
2014	107.76	108.61	109.04	110.57
2013	99.63	101.02	99.86	100.38
2014	99.98	99.47	100.70	101.68
2013	61.52	77.14	78.27	75.63
2014	79.40	77.55	77.87	75.73
2013	89.76	88.24	87.24	87.59
2014	87.34	88.73	90.52	91.27
2013	97.64	97.19	96.97	96.75
2014	96.55	96.24	95.85	95.49
2013	:	:	:	:
2014	:	:	:	:
2013	84.69	81.87	79.84	79.34
2014	77.61	78.14	77.89	77.50
2013	113.63	114.44	114.91	114.58
2014	113.61	111.64	112.67	111.65
2013	104.92	105.50	106.13	107.04
2014	107.56	107.71	109.04	109.80
2013	96.12	95.80	95.48	96.02
2014	95.51	95.76	95.83	95.73
2013	101.49	101.98	102.46	102.66
2014	103.91	104.61	105.14	105.68
2013	98.35	98.70	98.39	97.74
2014	98.43	98.44	98.03	97.87
2013	97.76	97.30	96.89	96.59
2014	96.23	96.10	96.16	96.18
2013	104.00	104.09	103.80	103.80
2014	103.43	103.56	103.34	103.43
2013	100.34	100.20	100.45	100.69
2014	101.10	101.53	101.87	102.34
2013	93.45	93.04	92.83	92.95
2014	92.81	93.21	93.53	93.88
2013	104.41	104.16	103.94	104.04
2014	104.59	105.40	105.87	106.61
2013	94.53	94.26	94.17	94.24
2014	94.34	94.66	94.87	95.03
2013	102.27	102.22	102.51	103.04
2014	103.89	104.12	104.35	104.90
2013	98.07	98.39	95.08	95.04
2014	93.67	91.95	89.57	90.44
2013	99.65	98.44	97.57	97.77
2014	97.92	97.46	98.08	97.45
2013	98.77	98.54	99.04	99.58
2014	100.43	100.86	101.55	102.02
2013	92.05	91.63	91.34	90.67
2014	89.75	89.73	89.26	88.76

The data is not available for EU countries that do not appear in the drop-down menu.

Source: Eurostat

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Unemployment rate (%)

Country	Women	Men
Austria	43,70%	56,30%
Belgium	45,88%	54,12%
Bulgaria	47,97%	52,03%
Croatia	53,14%	46,86%
Cyprus	48,02%	51,98%
Czech Republic	59,78%	40,22%
Denmark	52,99%	47,01%
Estonia	47,24%	52,76%
Finland	47,57%	52,43%
France	47,55%	52,45%
Germany	47,06%	52,94%
Greece	57,63%	42,37%
Hungary	51,26%	48,74%
Ireland	39,64%	60,36%
Italy	52,12%	47,88%
Latvia	42,36%	57,64%
Lithuania	45,45%	54,55%
Luxembourg	56,35%	43,65%
Malta	51,46%	48,54%
Netherlands	53,44%	46,56%
Poland	51,09%	48,91%
Portugal	49,80%	50,20%
Romania	45,31%	54,69%
Slovakia	57,14%	42,86%
Slovenia	52,44%	47,56%
Spain	53,90%	46,10%
Sweden	47,52%	52,48%
United Kingdom	48,48%	51,52%

The data is not available for EU countries that do not appear in the drop-down menu.

Source: Eurostat

Research

Research and development (R&D) lies at the heart of the EU’s strategy to make its economy more competitive. The aim is to invest more to bring its R&D spending in line with that of the United States and Japan.

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Total spending on R&D as a percentage of GDP

Country	Business enterprise sector	Government sector	Higher education sector	Private non-profit sector
Austria	2.1	0.13	0.72	0.01
Belgium	1.72	0.2	0.51	0.01
Bulgaria	0.39	0.19	0.06	0
Croatia	0.41	0.21	0.2	:
Cyprus	0.07	0.07	0.26	0.06
Czech Republic	1.03	0.35	0.52	0.01
Denmark	1.96	0.07	1.02	0.01
Estonia	0.82	0.15	0.73	0.02
Finland	2.26	0.29	0.71	0.02
France	1.45	0.29	0.47	0.03
Germany	1.9	0.42	0.51	:
Greece	0.27	0.23	0.3	0.01
Hungary	0.97	0.21	0.2	:
Ireland	1.13	0.07	0.34	:
Italy	0.72	0.18	0.37	0.04
Latvia	0.17	0.18	0.26	:
Lithuania	0.24	0.19	0.52	:
Luxembourg	0.68	0.38	0.24	:
Malta	0.47	0.07	0.3	0
Netherlands	1.09	0.24	0.63	:
Poland	0.38	0.23	0.25	0
Portugal	0.63	0.09	0.59	0.02
Romania	0.12	0.19	0.08	0
Slovakia	0.38	0.17	0.27	0
Slovenia	1.99	0.34	0.27	0
Spain	0.67	0.24	0.35	0
Sweden	2.28	0.12	0.9	0.01
United Kingdom	1.06	0.13	0.44	0.03

No data available for some countries and/or sectors

Source: Eurostat

Transport

The EU aims is to promote efficient, safe, secure and environmentally friendly transport networks.

The proportion of journeys made by car has increased slightly since 2008 – compared with other forms of road transport (such as coaches and buses). The EU continues to support investment in and restructuring of rail transport.

In spite of the current economic crisis, global air transport looks set to expand by around 5% a year until 2030. As traffic increases, so do concerns about safety. EU aviation policy aims to make European air space the safest in the world.

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Source: Eurostat

Passenger transport by road, rail and air

Year	Train	Car	Bus, coaches
2000	7.2	82.4	10.4
2001	7.1	82.7	10.2
2002	6.8	83.3	9.9
2003	6.7	83.5	9.9
2004	6.8	83.4	9.8
2005	6.9	83.2	9.9
2006	7.1	83.2	9.7
2007	7.2	83.1	9.8
2008	7.3	83.1	9.7
2009	7.1	83.7	9.2
2010	7.2	83.6	9.2
2011	7.3	83.4	9.2
2012	7.6	83	9.3
2013	7.6	83.2	9.2
2000	7.2	82.4	10.4
2001	7.1	82.7	10.2
2002	6.8	83.3	9.9
2003	6.7	83.5	9.8
2004	6.8	83.4	9.8
2005	6.9	83.2	9.9
2006	7.1	83.2	9.7
2007	7.2	83.1	9.8
2008	7.3	83.1	9.6
2009	7.1	83.7	9.2
2010	7.2	83.6	9.2
2011	7.3	83.4	9.2
2012	7.7	83	9.3
2013	7.6	83.2	9.2
2000	6.3	83	10.8
2001	6.4	82.6	11
2002	6.5	81.9	11.7
2003	6.5	80.5	13
2004	7.1	79.6	13.2
2005	6.6	79.8	13.6
2006	6.9	79.2	13.9
2007	7.1	78.8	14.1
2008	7.5	79.6	13
2009	7.5	79.5	13
2010	7.7	79.7	12.7
2011	7.7	79.5	12.8
2012	7.4	79.6	12.9
2013	7.4	77.4	15.2
2000	7.8	60.8	31.4
2001	6.6	61.5	32
2002	5.4	61.2	33.4
2003	5.5	66.5	28.1
2004	5.1	69.8	25
2005	4.8	70.9	24.3
2006	4.7	72.6	22.7
2007	4.4	73.8	21.8
2008	4	75.1	20.8
2009	3.7	79.5	16.8
2010	3.6	80	16.4
2011	3.5	80.6	15.9
2012	3	80.1	16.9
2013	2.9	80.9	16.2
2000	8.3	73.1	18.6
2001	8.3	71.8	19.9
2002	7.5	73.8	18.7
2003	7.3	75.5	17.2
2004	7.5	76.6	16
2005	7.3	75.5	17.2
2006	7.5	75.2	17.3
2007	7.3	75.7	17
2008	7.1	76	16.9
2009	6.8	76.2	16.9
2010	7.5	73	19.5
2011	7.6	74.4	18
2012	8.3	74	17.7
2013	8.5	73.6	17.9
2000	8.7	79.6	11.7
2001	9.1	79.2	11.7
2002	9.2	79.1	11.7
2003	9.3	79.1	11.6
2004	9.3	79.3	11.4
2005	9.5	79.1	11.4
2006	9.7	79.1	11.2
2007	9.7	79.6	10.7
2008	9.7	79.8	10.5
2009	9.5	80.1	10.4
2010	9.8	79.7	10.5
2011	10	79.9	10.1
2012	10.2	79.9	9.9
2013	10.2	80	9.8
2000	7.7	85.2	7.1
2001	7.6	85.5	6.9
2002	7.1	86.2	6.7
2003	7.2	86.1	6.8
2004	7.5	85.8	6.7
2005	7.5	85.8	6.7
2006	7.8	85.6	6.6
2007	7.8	85.7	6.5
2008	8.1	85.6	6.3
2009	7.9	86	6.1
2010	8	86	6
2011	8.2	85.9	5.9
2012	8.9	85.4	5.7
2013	8.5	85.7	5.8
2000	2.7	69.8	27.5
2001	1.9	70.1	28
2002	1.8	71.7	26.5
2003	1.7	73.6	24.7
2004	1.8	72.9	25.3
2005	1.9	75.7	22.4
2006	2	78	19.9
2007	2.2	79.4	18.4
2008	2.1	81.4	16.5
2009	2	83.1	15
2010	2	83.6	14.4
2011	2	84.1	14
2012	1.8	83.6	14.6
2013	1.7	83.9	14.4
2000	3.2	80.6	16.2
2001	3.3	80.6	16.1
2002	3.5	81	15.6
2003	3.3	81.4	15.3
2004	3	81.9	15.1
2005	3.3	82.1	14.6
2006	3.3	82.3	14.4
2007	3.4	82.3	14.2
2008	3.3	82.3	14.4
2009	2.8	82.1	15
2010	2.9	82.6	14.5
2011	2.9	82.6	14.6
2012	2.8	82.8	14.4
2013	2.7	83.2	14.1
2000	2.2	72.8	25.1
2001	1.9	74.3	23.8
2002	1.9	75.1	23
2003	1.6	76.4	22.1
2004	1.6	77.5	20.9
2005	1.7	78.3	20
2006	1.6	79.2	19.2
2007	1.6	79.9	18.5
2008	1.3	80.8	17.9
2009	1.2	81.9	16.9
2010	1.1	81.6	17.3
2011	0.8	81.6	17.6
2012	0.7	81.6	17.7
2013	0.9	81.3	17.8
2000	5.4	81	13.5
2001	5.5	80.8	13.7
2002	5.2	82.5	12.3
2003	5.1	83.1	11.8
2004	5	81.7	13.2
2005	5.1	82	12.9
2006	5.2	82.8	12
2007	5	81	14
2008	5.5	80.3	14.3
2009	5.4	81.4	13.3
2010	5.4	82.3	12.3
2011	5.6	80.9	13.5
2012	5.6	80.7	13.7
2013	6.1	80.7	13.2
2000	8.6	86.1	5.3
2001	8.5	86.6	4.9
2002	8.7	86.4	5
2003	8.4	86.6	5
2004	8.7	86.2	5.1
2005	9.1	85.8	5.2
2006	9.4	85.3	5.3
2007	9.6	84.9	5.5
2008	9.3	85.6	5.2
2009	9.4	85.4	5.2
2010	9.3	85.5	5.3
2011	9.3	85.3	5.4
2012	9.5	85.1	5.4
2013	9.4	85.2	5.4
2000	5.1	81.4	13.6
2001	4.8	81.7	13.5
2002	4.5	82.2	13.3
2003	4.2	82.2	13.6
2004	4.2	83.8	12.1
2005	4.3	83.8	11.9
2006	4.4	83.7	11.8
2007	5	82.9	12.1
2008	5.4	82.2	12.5
2009	5.6	83.6	10.7
2010	5.6	83.7	10.7
2011	4.9	84.6	10.5
2012	3.5	85.8	10.7
2013	3.1	85.5	11.5
2000	5.8	83.3	10.9
2001	5.8	83.2	11
2002	5.6	83.3	11.1
2003	5.5	83.4	11.1
2004	5.5	83.4	11.1
2005	6	81.8	12.2
2006	6.1	81.5	12.4
2007	6	81.6	12.4
2008	6	81.7	12.4
2009	5.5	82.8	11.7
2010	5.6	82.4	12.1
2011	5.8	81.7	12.6
2012	6.4	79.6	13.9
2013	6.3	80.4	13.3
2000	:	77.7	22.3
2001	:	77.5	22.5
2002	:	77.4	22.6
2003	:	76.4	23.6
2004	:	78.8	21.2
2005	:	79.2	20.8
2006	:	79.6	20.4
2007	:	80.3	19.7
2008	:	81.2	18.8
2009	:	82.4	17.6
2010	:	81.9	18.1
2011	:	81.7	18.3
2012	:	81.3	18.7
2013	:	81.5	18.5
2000	4.8	76.9	18.4
2001	4.8	79.9	15.3
2002	4.8	76.6	18.6
2003	4.8	75.7	19.4
2004	5.2	73.8	21.1
2005	5.4	73.5	21.1
2006	5.4	76.6	18
2007	4.9	79.4	15.7
2008	5.2	78.7	16.1
2009	4.7	80.2	15.1
2010	4.7	78.2	17.1
2011	4.9	76.2	18.9
2012	4.8	76.9	18.3
2013	4.7	77.3	18
2000	3.2	82.2	14.6
2001	2.8	82.6	14.6
2002	2.5	82	15.4
2003	1.9	85	13.1
2004	1.5	86.6	11.9
2005	0.7	89.8	9.5
2006	0.6	91.4	8
2007	0.6	91	8.4
2008	0.6	91.2	8.2
2009	0.6	92.3	7.1
2010	0.7	91.7	7.6
2011	0.8	90.8	8.3
2012	0.8	91	8.2
2013	0.8	91.4	7.8
2000	5.1	85.5	9.5
2001	5.1	85.2	9.7
2002	3.9	85.7	10.5
2003	3.7	85.7	10.6
2004	3.6	85.6	10.8
2005	3.6	85.5	10.9
2006	3.9	85.3	10.8
2007	4.1	84.9	11.1
2008	4.3	84.2	11.4
2009	4.3	84.3	11.4
2010	4.5	83.5	12.1
2011	4.4	83.1	12.5
2012	4.6	83	12.4
2013	4.7	82.9	12.4
2000	13	61.9	25.1
2001	13.4	61.7	24.9
2002	13.9	61.1	25
2003	13.4	62.1	24.5
2004	13.4	63.2	23.4
2005	12.6	64.2	23.2
2006	11.9	65.6	22.5
2007	11	67.6	21.5
2008	10.4	67.5	22.1
2009	10.2	69.1	20.7
2010	10	68.6	21.5
2011	10.2	68.3	21.5
2012	10.1	67.6	22.3
2013	10.2	67.5	22.3
2000	:	79.6	20.4
2001	:	79.3	20.7
2002	:	79.4	20.6
2003	:	79.5	20.5
2004	:	79.6	20.4
2005	:	80.3	19.7
2006	:	80.4	19.6
2007	:	80.6	19.4
2008	:	80.8	19.2
2009	:	81.9	18.1
2010	:	81.5	18.5
2011	:	82.4	17.6
2012	:	82.5	17.5
2013	:	83	17
2000	9.4	86	4.6
2001	9.4	86	4.6
2002	9.3	86.4	4.3
2003	8.7	87.4	3.9
2004	8.4	87.7	3.9
2005	8.9	87.3	3.8
2006	9.4	87.2	3.5
2007	9.6	87.1	3.4
2008	9.2	87.3	3.5
2009	8.8	87.7	3.5
2010	8.9	87.7	3.5
2011	9.9	86.6	3.5
2012	10	86.7	3.3
2013	10.5	86.2	3.3
2000	9.8	79.2	11
2001	9.7	79.4	10.9
2002	9.7	79.4	10.9
2003	9.5	79.5	10.9
2004	9.5	79.6	11
2005	9.8	79.7	10.5
2006	10	79.6	10.4
2007	10.1	79.2	10.8
2008	11.1	78.6	10.2
2009	11.1	79.3	9.6
2010	11	78.7	10.3
2011	11	78.9	10.1
2012	11.5	78.5	10
2013	12.7	77.4	9.8
2000	11.3	61	27.7
2001	10.7	62.9	26.4
2002	9.9	65.1	24.9
2003	9.2	66.5	24.3
2004	8.5	67.9	23.6
2005	8.2	69.4	22.4
2006	8.2	70.1	21.8
2007	8.5	70.7	20.8
2008	8.2	71.9	19.9
2009	7.4	74.7	17.9
2010	7.1	76.1	16.8
2011	6.9	77.4	15.7
2012	6.7	78.5	14.8
2013	6.2	79.6	14.1
2000	4.6	81.7	13.6
2001	4.5	82.8	12.6
2002	4.3	84.9	10.9
2003	3.9	85.1	11
2004	3.8	85.1	11.1
2005	4	89.3	6.7
2006	4	89.6	6.3
2007	4.1	89.4	6.5
2008	4.3	89.2	6.4
2009	4.4	89.4	6.2
2010	4.4	89.1	6.5
2011	4.5	88.8	6.7
2012	4.1	89.3	6.6
2013	4	89.1	6.9
2000	16.3	71.5	12.2
2001	15.1	72.5	12.4
2002	11.9	75.8	12.3
2003	11.5	75.7	12.8
2004	11.4	76.2	12.4
2005	9.9	75.5	14.6
2006	9.6	76.4	14
2007	8.6	77.5	14
2008	7.6	77.2	15.2
2009	6.5	80	13.6
2010	5.9	81.3	12.9
2011	5.5	81.7	12.8
2012	4.8	81.8	13.4
2013	4.5	82.3	13.2
2000	2.9	82.9	14.3
2001	2.9	83.5	13.6
2002	3	83.9	13.2
2003	3	83.5	13.5
2004	2.7	84.9	12.4
2005	2.7	85.6	11.6
2006	2.7	85.6	11.7
2007	2.6	86	11.4
2008	2.7	86.4	10.9
2009	2.6	86.7	10.7
2010	2.5	86.8	10.8
2011	2.3	86.6	11
2012	2.3	86.7	11.1
2013	2.3	86.3	11.4
2000	7.7	64.4	27.8
2001	7.5	64.7	27.8
2002	7.2	66.8	26
2003	6.3	68.8	24.8
2004	6	67.8	26.2
2005	5.9	69.4	24.8
2006	5.9	70.8	23.3
2007	6	72	22
2008	6.4	73	20.6
2009	6.6	77.6	15.8
2010	6.7	78	15.3
2011	7	77.3	15.7
2012	7.1	77.3	15.6
2013	7.1	77.8	15.1
2000	5.1	83.4	11.5
2001	4.8	83.8	11.3
2002	4.8	84.1	11.1
2003	4.7	84.4	10.9
2004	4.7	84.8	10.6
2005	4.8	84.9	10.3
2006	4.8	84.9	10.3
2007	5	84.9	10
2008	5.4	84.5	10.1
2009	5.1	84.9	10
2010	5.2	84.9	9.9
2011	5	85.1	9.8
2012	5.3	84.9	9.8
2013	5.3	84.9	9.8
2000	7.5	83.8	8.6
2001	7.9	83.8	8.3
2002	7.8	84	8.2
2003	7.7	84.3	8
2004	7.5	84.7	7.8
2005	7.7	84.6	7.6
2006	8.3	84.1	7.6
2007	8.7	83.9	7.4
2008	9.4	83.3	7.2
2009	9.5	83.4	7.1
2010	9.4	83.4	7.2
2011	8.8	84.4	6.8
2012	9.1	84.3	6.7
2013	9.3	84	6.8
2000	5.3	88.1	6.6
2001	5.3	88.2	6.5
2002	5.3	89.1	5.6
2003	5.4	88.5	6.1
2004	5.7	88.7	5.6
2005	5.9	88.3	5.8
2006	6.2	88.3	5.5
2007	6.6	87.9	5.5
2008	6.9	87.2	5.9
2009	6.9	87	6
2010	7.5	86.3	6.2
2011	7.9	86.2	5.9
2012	8.2	86	5.9
2013	8.4	86	5.7
2000	:	88.6	11.4
2001	:	88.6	11.4
2002	:	88.6	11.4
2003	:	88.6	11.4
2004	:	88.6	11.4
2005	:	88.6	11.4
2006	:	88.6	11.4
2007	:	88.6	11.4
2008	:	88.6	11.4
2009	:	88.6	11.4
2010	:	88.6	11.4
2011	:	88.6	11.4
2012	:	88.6	11.4
2013	:	88.6	11.4
2000	4.5	88.3	7.1
2001	4.5	88.5	6.9
2002	4.1	89	6.9
2003	4.1	88.9	7
2004	4.3	88.8	6.9
2005	4.5	88.5	7.1
2006	4.6	88.6	6.9
2007	4.6	88.7	6.7
2008	4.8	88.5	6.7
2009	4.7	88.6	6.7
2010	4.8	88.4	6.8
2011	4.5	88.4	7
2012	4.6	89.8	5.6
2013	4.8	89.8	5.5
2000	13.7	81.1	5.2
2001	14.2	80.6	5.2
2002	14.8	80.1	5.1
2003	15	79.8	5.2
2004	15.3	79.6	5.2
2005	16.3	78.4	5.3
2006	16.5	77.9	5.6
2007	17	77.4	5.5
2008	17.1	77.8	5.2
2009	17.4	77.5	5.1
2010	17.6	77.3	5.1
2011	17.6	77.2	5.1
2012	17.2	77.7	5.1
2013	17.1	77.8	5.1
2000	2	84.5	13.5
2001	2.8	83	14.3
2002	1.9	81.3	16.7
2003	1.7	78.8	19.5
2004	1.7	78.5	19.8
2005	1.7	79.2	19.1
2006	1.8	80.4	17.8
2007	1.9	80.5	17.6
2008	2.3	78.3	19.4
2009	2.4	79.2	18.5
2010	2.2	77.5	20.3
2011	2	75.5	22.5
2012	1.5	77.8	20.7
2013	1.1	80.3	18.6
2000	3.4	45.9	50.7
2001	3.4	49.6	47
2002	3.1	49	47.8
2003	3.4	49.2	47.4
2004	2.8	51.3	45.9
2005	2.6	52.3	45
2006	2.6	53.9	43.4
2007	2.7	54.9	42.4
2008	2.4	56.3	41.3
2009	2.5	56.9	40.6
2010	2.4	59.3	38.3
2011	2.4	59.2	38.4
2012	1.7	61.6	36.6
2013	1.4	63.7	34.9

Source: Eurostat

Air transport of passengers

Year	Air
2007	:
2008	799024981
2009	752512652
2010	778324669
2011	822830045
2012	828160763
2013	842219926
2014	876884771
2007	792387321
2008	797571170
2009	751138170
2010	776851750
2011	821265790
2012	826463402
2013	840556194
2014	875134752
2007	:
2008	:
2009	:
2010	:
2011	:
2012	:
2013	:
2014	:
2007	:
2008	:
2009	:
2010	:
2011	:
2012	:
2013	:
2014	:
2007	20805314
2008	21981645
2009	21314463
2010	22690502
2011	25098923
2012	25913625
2013	26387222
2014	28775060
2007	6071210
2008	6417873
2009	5838685
2010	6168346
2011	6651562
2012	6819024
2013	7078294
2014	7518998
2007	13098141
2008	13429149
2009	12367467
2010	12242386
2011	12650532
2012	11742352
2013	11891812
2014	12079873
2007	24041619
2008	24629204
2009	22272961
2010	24330644
2011	25804863
2012	26528356
2013	27453282
2014	29003996
2007	163784893
2008	165758846
2009	158148829
2010	166130833
2011	175316076
2012	178591103
2013	180781589
2014	186445791
2007	1722505
2008	1804430
2009	1341294
2010	1381062
2011	1907569
2012	2202427
2013	1958565
2014	2019806
2007	29840020
2008	30018287
2009	26268887
2010	23093749
2011	23362889
2012	23594089
2013	24603640
2014	26310826
2007	34785958
2008	34404278
2009	32882441
2010	32131780
2011	33291435
2012	31575703
2013	33621019
2014	39117833
2007	163523010
2008	161400952
2009	148318298
2010	153387014
2011	165153230
2012	159771261
2013	157731973
2014	165354382
2007	120034361
2008	122723531
2009	117561564
2010	122887263
2011	131425313
2012	135005802
2013	138085382
2014	136361561
2007	:
2008	4504278
2009	4334987
2010	4677030
2011	4989047
2012	5422530
2013	5722025
2014	6140608
2007	106294205
2008	105216903
2009	101823760
2010	109064953
2011	116226667
2012	116029388
2013	115271926
2014	121156068
2007	7004127
2008	7218073
2009	6729554
2010	6947632
2011	7190265
2012	7328248
2013	7011437
2014	7328546
2007	3155771
2008	3687329
2009	4062704
2010	4655898
2011	5098360
2012	4754530
2013	4782257
2014	4802282
2007	2195959
2008	2552074
2009	1867191
2010	2282834
2011	2691991
2012	3166628
2013	3482358
2014	3798110
2007	1634465
2008	1713003
2009	1535261
2010	1613600
2011	1836761
2012	1893988
2013	2168748
2014	2433939
2007	8580261
2008	8429082
2009	8081067
2010	8174510
2011	8884837
2012	8429843
2013	8441319
2014	9054848
2007	2971368
2008	3109899
2009	2918676
2010	3293548
2011	3506723
2012	3650345
2013	4031848
2014	4290032
2007	50500592
2008	50418517
2009	46479064
2010	48618670
2011	53895216
2012	55680131
2013	58077221
2014	60962778
2007	22926104
2008	23899584
2009	21817267
2010	23532455
2011	25137612
2012	25965977
2013	25749724
2014	26378676
2007	17120015
2008	18727132
2009	17046474
2010	18382517
2011	20634903
2012	21791428
2013	23274169
2014	25713682
2007	24324372
2008	25180382
2009	24104119
2010	25732352
2011	27578334
2012	28186254
2013	29694146
2014	32558076
2007	6908599
2008	8031267
2009	7984057
2010	8848949
2011	9687456
2012	9674226
2013	10016933
2014	10907487
2007	1504446
2008	1648977
2009	1423391
2010	1382341
2011	1358792
2012	1167877
2013	1265766
2014	1307128
2007	2232411
2008	2596334
2009	1948361
2010	1881844
2011	1808187
2012	1563197
2013	1557149
2014	1671290
2007	14464575
2008	14850682
2009	13828812
2010	14220636
2011	16374398
2012	16458815
2013	16565391
2014	17171931
2007	26967253
2008	27817350
2009	25218784
2010	26646764
2011	29732247
2012	30350845
2013	31443225
2014	32765412
2007	217288456
2008	213888122
2009	198531887
2010	192884537
2011	201535227
2012	203066646
2013	210468756
2014	220021502
2007	2462113
2008	2240998
2009	1837165
2010	2036356
2011	2462894
2012	2740691
2013	3199266
2014	3853614
2007	:
2008	:
2009	:
2010	:
2011	:
2012	:
2013	:
2014	:
2007	26385631
2008	27717155
2009	27673751
2010	29516916
2011	32401674
2012	34590312
2013	36684065
2014	37601630
2007	34537546
2008	36595724
2009	35928169
2010	37615864
2011	41439630
2012	43235843
2013	44216798
2014	46127426
2007	:
2008	:
2009	:
2010	:
2011	:
2012	:
2013	:
2014	:
2007	:
2008	:
2009	:
2010	:
2011	:
2012	:
2013	:
2014	:
2007	:
2008	:
2009	:
2010	:
2011	:
2012	:
2013	:
2014	:
2007	:
2008	:
2009	:
2010	:
2011	:
2012	:
2013	:
2014	:
2007	:
2008	:
2009	:
2010	:
2011	:
2012	:
2013	:
2014	:

Source: Eurostat

Energy and environment

The EU imports more than 50% of its energy needs.

CHART VIEW
TABLE VIEW

Percentage of electricity produced from renewable energy sources

% of gross electricity consumption	%
Malta	1.6
Luxembourg	5.3
Cyprus	6.6
Hungary	6.6
Netherlands	10.0
Poland	10.7
Belgium	12.4
Czech Republic	12.8
Estonia	13.0
Lithuania	13.1
United Kingdom	13.8
France	16.8
Bulgaria	18.9
Ireland	20.8
Slovakia	20.8
Greece	21.2
Germany	25.3
Finland	30.9
Italy	31.3
Slovenia	33.1
Spain	36.7
Romania	37.5
Croatia	42.2
Denmark	43.1
Latvia	48.8
Portugal	49.1
Sweden	61.8
Austria	68.0

Source: Eurostat

CHART VIEW
TABLE VIEW

Net dependence on energy imports as a percentage of total consumption

Country	Coal	Petroleum	Natural gas
Austria	94.5	92.5	74.7
Belgium	95.3	102.0	100.5
Bulgaria	16.4	103.9	92.8
Croatia	110.1	77.1	31.8
Cyprus	100.0	100.9	:
Czech Republic	-11.6	96.4	100.2
Denmark	90.7	-12.0	-23.1
Estonia	-0.1	59.9	100.0
Finland	65.3	104.4	99.9
France	93.4	99.0	97.4
Germany	44.5	96.1	86.9
Greece	3.2	94.6	100.0
Hungary	26.9	83.4	71.2
Ireland	72.4	100.2	96.8
Italy	96.1	90.7	88.1
Latvia	88.8	100.4	115.6
Lithuania	99.7	93.2	100.0
Luxembourg	100.0	100.3	99.6
Malta	:	104.6	:
Netherlands	111.5	95.5	-85.4
Poland	-10.4	91.3	74.2
Portugal	95.4	96.3	101.5
Romania	18.9	46.8	11.8
Slovakia	80.6	89.9	95.3
Slovenia	19.4	97.3	99.6
Spain	70.5	97.4	98.6
Sweden	82.4	101.5	99.1
United Kingdom	82.1	40.2	50.1

Source: Eurostat

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